Describe the weather
Most weather expressions in Spanish are built with hace, such as:
There are some weather expressions that are different and are not built with hace, such as:
Describe things using the correct position, gender, and number of adjectives
If the noun is masculine and singular, the adjective that describes the noun will also be masculine and singular:
el chico generoso (the generous boy)
If the noun is feminine and singular, the adjective that describes the noun will also be feminine and singular:
la chica generosa (the generous girl)
If the noun is masculine and plural, the adjective that describes the noun will also be masculine and singular:
los chicos generosos (the generous boys)
If the noun is feminine and plural, the adjective that describes the noun will also be feminine and plural:
las chicas generosas (the generous girls)
If an adjective ends in -o for the masculine form, it generally will also have a feminine form (generoso / generosa as shown in the examples). If a masculine singular adjective ends in a consonant or a vowel other than -o (most commonly -e), such as importante, it does not change for gender but it will change for number:
el documento importante (the important document)
The plurals of adjectives are formed in the same way that you learned in previous lessons for nouns. Add an -s if the word ends in a vowel; add an -es if the word ends in a consonant:
el marcador verde (the green marker)
los marcadores verdes (the green markers)
Describe the color of things
rojo
amarillo
azul
verde
morado
anaranjado
rosado
blanco
negro
marrón
gris
azul oscuro
azul claro
claro (clear or light)
oscuro (dark)
colorido (colorful)
descolorido (colorless)
opaco (dull, opaque)Descripciones
redondo
cuadrado
ovalado
triangular
esférico
liso (smooth)
suave
duro (hard)
largo (long)
corto
plano (flat)
delgado
grueso
ligero
pesado
pequeño
grande
alto
bajoAdjetivos indefinidos
algún, alguno (some)
ningún, ninguno (none, not any)
mucho (many, a lot of)
cada (each)
Un adverbio (muy) útil (a [very] useful adverb)
muy (very)
Recognize and describe articles of clothing
la bufanda
la gorra
el impermeable
el pijama
el suéter
Un verbo útil (a useful verb):
Llevar (to wear; also means to carry and to bring)
Form numbers past 100
We’ve already learned to count to 100:
…
98 noventa y ocho
99 noventa y nueve
100 cien
101 ciento uno
Note how the pattern changes slightly: we’re not using y anymore. That’s just to separate the tens place from the ones place. So “one hundred one,” not “one hundred and one.”
102 ciento dos
110 ciento diez
120 ciento veinte
134 ciento treinta y cuatro (the y is separating the tens place from the ones place)
200 doscientos
300 trescientos
400 cuatrocientos
500 quinientos
600 seiscientos
700 setecientos
800 ochocientos
900 novecientos
1000 mil (Note: Not “un mil,” just “mil“)
1500 mil quinientos
2000 dos mil
4000 cuatro mil
100.000 cien mil
1.000.000 un millón
11.000.000 once millones
Note: you must use mil to talk about years (this is different from the English way of splitting years into two-digit clusters)
- (in) 1950 = (en) mil novecientos cincuenta
- (in) 1821 = (en) mil ochocientos veintiuno
- 2019 = dos mil diecinueve
Another note: Most Spanish-speaking countries use a comma to mark the decimal point, and a period or dot to mark the thousands position in long numbers. This is beginning to change somewhat as the English way of punctuating numbers is spreading via the Internet. So you’ll need to be careful not to mistake decimals for thousands!
$123.456,78 = ciento veintitrés mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y seis dólares con setenta y ocho centavos
Use verbs in the present tense that end in -er & -ir to describe everyday activities.
-er verbs
- aprender (to learn)
- beber (to drink)
- comer (to eat)
- comprender (to understand)
- correr (to run)
- creer (to believe)
- deber (must, should)
- leer (to read)
- vender (to sell)
-ir verbs
- abrir (to open)
- compartir (to share)
- cumplir (to complete)
- decidir (to decide)
- describir (to describe)
- escribir (to write)
- recibir (to receive)
- vivir (to live)
These verbs are conjugated similarly to –ar verbs, but with different characteristic vowels. In order to form the present tense—just as you did with –ar verbs—remove the –er or –ir ending from the infinitive, and then add the following endings to the stem:
| beber (to drink) |
|
| (stem: beb) | |
| singular | plural |
| yo bebo |
nosotros bebemos |
| tú bebes |
vosotros bebéis |
| él/ella/usted bebe |
ellos/ellas/ustedes beben |
| vivir (to live) | |
| (stem: viv) | |
| singular | plural |
| yo vivo |
nosotros vivimos |
| tú vives |
vosotros vivís |
| él/ella/usted vive |
ellos/ellas/ustedes viven |
Notice that the only difference in the endings of -er and -ir verbs in the present tense occurs in the nosotros and vosotros forms.
